![]() Healthy women commonly experience sleep complaints during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, as well as the premenstrual timeframe. Interplay of the Menstrual Cycle, Circadian Rhythms, and SleepĪ woman’s menstrual cycle is divided into the follicular phase (before ovulation) and the luteal phase (after ovulation). Due to hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle and this interaction with the SCN, women may struggle with their sleep more during certain times of their monthly cycle. As a result, these hormones can directly influence sleep and circadian rhythms. Neurons in the SCN contain receptors for reproductive hormones, including estrogen and progesterone. These 24-hour cycles of the body are regulated by our body’s master circadian clock, which is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located in the hypothalamus of the brain. ![]() In a random sample of 1,014 adolescents aged 13 to 16 years, the onset of menses was associated with a 2.75-fold increased risk for insomnia in girls due to hormonal changes in contrast to boys.Įstrogen, progesterone, and other reproductive hormones not only impact the menstrual cycle, but they also influence sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep challenges for females may start at menarche. These hormonal changes interact with circadian rhythms that regulate sleep and wakefulness. ![]() Although the reasons for this are complex, one important factor is hormonal fluctuations related to the menstrual cycle. Insomnia is more common in women than men by at least 50%.
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